2 utcp.c -- Userspace TCP
3 Copyright (C) 2014-2017 Guus Sliepen <guus@tinc-vpn.org>
5 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
8 (at your option) any later version.
10 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 GNU General Public License for more details.
15 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
16 with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
17 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
31 #include <sys/socket.h>
34 #include "utcp_priv.h"
49 #define timersub(a, b, r)\
51 (r)->tv_sec = (a)->tv_sec - (b)->tv_sec;\
52 (r)->tv_usec = (a)->tv_usec - (b)->tv_usec;\
54 (r)->tv_sec--, (r)->tv_usec += USEC_PER_SEC;\
58 static inline size_t min(size_t a, size_t b) {
62 static inline size_t max(size_t a, size_t b) {
69 #ifndef UTCP_DEBUG_DATALEN
70 #define UTCP_DEBUG_DATALEN 20
73 static void debug(struct utcp_connection *c, const char *format, ...) {
78 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tv);
79 len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%ld.%06lu %u:%u ", (long)tv.tv_sec, tv.tv_nsec / 1000, c ? c->src : 0, c ? c->dst : 0);
82 len += vsnprintf(buf + len, sizeof(buf) - len, format, ap);
85 if(len > 0 && (size_t)len < sizeof(buf)) {
86 fwrite(buf, len, 1, stderr);
90 static void print_packet(struct utcp_connection *c, const char *dir, const void *pkt, size_t len) {
93 if(len < sizeof(hdr)) {
94 debug(c, "%s: short packet (%lu bytes)\n", dir, (unsigned long)len);
98 memcpy(&hdr, pkt, sizeof(hdr));
102 if(len > sizeof(hdr)) {
103 datalen = min(len - sizeof(hdr), UTCP_DEBUG_DATALEN);
109 const uint8_t *data = (uint8_t *)pkt + sizeof(hdr);
110 char str[datalen * 2 + 1];
113 for(uint32_t i = 0; i < datalen; i++) {
114 *p++ = "0123456789ABCDEF"[data[i] >> 4];
115 *p++ = "0123456789ABCDEF"[data[i] & 15];
120 debug(c, "%s: len %lu src %u dst %u seq %u ack %u wnd %u aux %x ctl %s%s%s%s data %s\n",
121 dir, (unsigned long)len, hdr.src, hdr.dst, hdr.seq, hdr.ack, hdr.wnd, hdr.aux,
122 hdr.ctl & SYN ? "SYN" : "",
123 hdr.ctl & RST ? "RST" : "",
124 hdr.ctl & FIN ? "FIN" : "",
125 hdr.ctl & ACK ? "ACK" : "",
130 static void debug_cwnd(struct utcp_connection *c) {
131 debug(c, "snd.cwnd %u snd.ssthresh %u\n", c->snd.cwnd, ~c->snd.ssthresh ? c->snd.ssthresh : 0);
134 #define debug(...) do {} while(0)
135 #define print_packet(...) do {} while(0)
136 #define debug_cwnd(...) do {} while(0)
139 static void set_state(struct utcp_connection *c, enum state state) {
142 if(state == ESTABLISHED) {
143 timerclear(&c->conn_timeout);
146 debug(c, "state %s\n", strstate[state]);
149 static bool fin_wanted(struct utcp_connection *c, uint32_t seq) {
150 if(seq != c->snd.last) {
165 static bool is_reliable(struct utcp_connection *c) {
166 return c->flags & UTCP_RELIABLE;
169 static int32_t seqdiff(uint32_t a, uint32_t b) {
174 // TODO: convert to ringbuffers to avoid memmove() operations.
176 // Store data into the buffer
177 static ssize_t buffer_put_at(struct buffer *buf, size_t offset, const void *data, size_t len) {
178 debug(NULL, "buffer_put_at %lu %lu %lu\n", (unsigned long)buf->used, (unsigned long)offset, (unsigned long)len);
180 size_t required = offset + len;
182 if(required > buf->maxsize) {
183 if(offset >= buf->maxsize) {
187 len = buf->maxsize - offset;
188 required = buf->maxsize;
191 if(required > buf->size) {
192 size_t newsize = buf->size;
199 } while(newsize < required);
202 if(newsize > buf->maxsize) {
203 newsize = buf->maxsize;
206 char *newdata = realloc(buf->data, newsize);
216 memcpy(buf->data + offset, data, len);
218 if(required > buf->used) {
219 buf->used = required;
225 static ssize_t buffer_put(struct buffer *buf, const void *data, size_t len) {
226 return buffer_put_at(buf, buf->used, data, len);
229 // Get data from the buffer. data can be NULL.
230 static ssize_t buffer_get(struct buffer *buf, void *data, size_t len) {
231 if(len > buf->used) {
236 memcpy(data, buf->data, len);
239 if(len < buf->used) {
240 memmove(buf->data, buf->data + len, buf->used - len);
247 // Copy data from the buffer without removing it.
248 static ssize_t buffer_copy(struct buffer *buf, void *data, size_t offset, size_t len) {
249 if(offset >= buf->used) {
253 if(offset + len > buf->used) {
254 len = buf->used - offset;
257 memcpy(data, buf->data + offset, len);
261 static bool buffer_init(struct buffer *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t maxlen) {
262 memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
265 buf->data = malloc(len);
273 buf->maxsize = maxlen;
277 static void buffer_exit(struct buffer *buf) {
279 memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
282 static uint32_t buffer_free(const struct buffer *buf) {
283 return buf->maxsize - buf->used;
286 // Connections are stored in a sorted list.
287 // This gives O(log(N)) lookup time, O(N log(N)) insertion time and O(N) deletion time.
289 static int compare(const void *va, const void *vb) {
292 const struct utcp_connection *a = *(struct utcp_connection **)va;
293 const struct utcp_connection *b = *(struct utcp_connection **)vb;
296 assert(a->src && b->src);
298 int c = (int)a->src - (int)b->src;
304 c = (int)a->dst - (int)b->dst;
308 static struct utcp_connection *find_connection(const struct utcp *utcp, uint16_t src, uint16_t dst) {
309 if(!utcp->nconnections) {
313 struct utcp_connection key = {
317 struct utcp_connection **match = bsearch(&keyp, utcp->connections, utcp->nconnections, sizeof(*utcp->connections), compare);
318 return match ? *match : NULL;
321 static void free_connection(struct utcp_connection *c) {
322 struct utcp *utcp = c->utcp;
323 struct utcp_connection **cp = bsearch(&c, utcp->connections, utcp->nconnections, sizeof(*utcp->connections), compare);
327 int i = cp - utcp->connections;
328 memmove(cp, cp + 1, (utcp->nconnections - i - 1) * sizeof(*cp));
329 utcp->nconnections--;
331 buffer_exit(&c->rcvbuf);
332 buffer_exit(&c->sndbuf);
336 static struct utcp_connection *allocate_connection(struct utcp *utcp, uint16_t src, uint16_t dst) {
337 // Check whether this combination of src and dst is free
340 if(find_connection(utcp, src, dst)) {
344 } else { // If src == 0, generate a random port number with the high bit set
345 if(utcp->nconnections >= 32767) {
350 src = rand() | 0x8000;
352 while(find_connection(utcp, src, dst)) {
357 // Allocate memory for the new connection
359 if(utcp->nconnections >= utcp->nallocated) {
360 if(!utcp->nallocated) {
361 utcp->nallocated = 4;
363 utcp->nallocated *= 2;
366 struct utcp_connection **new_array = realloc(utcp->connections, utcp->nallocated * sizeof(*utcp->connections));
372 utcp->connections = new_array;
375 struct utcp_connection *c = calloc(1, sizeof(*c));
381 if(!buffer_init(&c->sndbuf, DEFAULT_SNDBUFSIZE, DEFAULT_MAXSNDBUFSIZE)) {
386 if(!buffer_init(&c->rcvbuf, DEFAULT_RCVBUFSIZE, DEFAULT_MAXRCVBUFSIZE)) {
387 buffer_exit(&c->sndbuf);
392 // Fill in the details
401 c->snd.una = c->snd.iss;
402 c->snd.nxt = c->snd.iss + 1;
403 c->snd.last = c->snd.nxt;
404 c->snd.cwnd = (utcp->mss > 2190 ? 2 : utcp->mss > 1095 ? 3 : 4) * utcp->mss;
405 c->snd.ssthresh = ~0;
409 // Add it to the sorted list of connections
411 utcp->connections[utcp->nconnections++] = c;
412 qsort(utcp->connections, utcp->nconnections, sizeof(*utcp->connections), compare);
417 static inline uint32_t absdiff(uint32_t a, uint32_t b) {
425 // Update RTT variables. See RFC 6298.
426 static void update_rtt(struct utcp_connection *c, uint32_t rtt) {
428 debug(c, "invalid rtt\n");
432 struct utcp *utcp = c->utcp;
436 utcp->rttvar = rtt / 2;
438 utcp->rttvar = (utcp->rttvar * 3 + absdiff(utcp->srtt, rtt)) / 4;
439 utcp->srtt = (utcp->srtt * 7 + rtt) / 8;
442 utcp->rto = utcp->srtt + max(4 * utcp->rttvar, CLOCK_GRANULARITY);
444 if(utcp->rto > MAX_RTO) {
448 debug(c, "rtt %u srtt %u rttvar %u rto %u\n", rtt, utcp->srtt, utcp->rttvar, utcp->rto);
451 static void start_retransmit_timer(struct utcp_connection *c) {
452 gettimeofday(&c->rtrx_timeout, NULL);
453 c->rtrx_timeout.tv_usec += c->utcp->rto;
455 while(c->rtrx_timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
456 c->rtrx_timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
457 c->rtrx_timeout.tv_sec++;
460 debug(c, "rtrx_timeout %ld.%06lu\n", c->rtrx_timeout.tv_sec, c->rtrx_timeout.tv_usec);
463 static void stop_retransmit_timer(struct utcp_connection *c) {
464 timerclear(&c->rtrx_timeout);
465 debug(c, "rtrx_timeout cleared\n");
468 struct utcp_connection *utcp_connect_ex(struct utcp *utcp, uint16_t dst, utcp_recv_t recv, void *priv, uint32_t flags) {
469 struct utcp_connection *c = allocate_connection(utcp, 0, dst);
475 assert((flags & ~0x1f) == 0);
486 pkt.hdr.src = c->src;
487 pkt.hdr.dst = c->dst;
488 pkt.hdr.seq = c->snd.iss;
490 pkt.hdr.wnd = c->rcvbuf.maxsize;
492 pkt.hdr.aux = 0x0101;
496 pkt.init[3] = flags & 0x7;
498 set_state(c, SYN_SENT);
500 print_packet(c, "send", &pkt, sizeof(pkt));
501 utcp->send(utcp, &pkt, sizeof(pkt));
503 gettimeofday(&c->conn_timeout, NULL);
504 c->conn_timeout.tv_sec += utcp->timeout;
506 start_retransmit_timer(c);
511 struct utcp_connection *utcp_connect(struct utcp *utcp, uint16_t dst, utcp_recv_t recv, void *priv) {
512 return utcp_connect_ex(utcp, dst, recv, priv, UTCP_TCP);
515 void utcp_accept(struct utcp_connection *c, utcp_recv_t recv, void *priv) {
516 if(c->reapable || c->state != SYN_RECEIVED) {
517 debug(c, "accept() called on invalid connection in state %s\n", c, strstate[c->state]);
521 debug(c, "accepted %p %p\n", c, recv, priv);
524 set_state(c, ESTABLISHED);
527 static void ack(struct utcp_connection *c, bool sendatleastone) {
528 int32_t left = seqdiff(c->snd.last, c->snd.nxt);
529 int32_t cwndleft = min(c->snd.cwnd, c->snd.wnd) - seqdiff(c->snd.nxt, c->snd.una);
535 } else if(cwndleft < left) {
538 if(!sendatleastone || cwndleft > c->utcp->mss) {
539 left -= left % c->utcp->mss;
543 debug(c, "cwndleft %d left %d\n", cwndleft, left);
545 if(!left && !sendatleastone) {
554 pkt = malloc(c->utcp->mtu);
560 pkt->hdr.src = c->src;
561 pkt->hdr.dst = c->dst;
562 pkt->hdr.ack = c->rcv.nxt;
563 pkt->hdr.wnd = c->rcvbuf.maxsize;
568 uint32_t seglen = left > c->utcp->mss ? c->utcp->mss : left;
569 pkt->hdr.seq = c->snd.nxt;
571 buffer_copy(&c->sndbuf, pkt->data, seqdiff(c->snd.nxt, c->snd.una), seglen);
573 c->snd.nxt += seglen;
576 if(seglen && fin_wanted(c, c->snd.nxt)) {
581 if(!c->rtt_start.tv_sec) {
582 // Start RTT measurement
583 gettimeofday(&c->rtt_start, NULL);
584 c->rtt_seq = pkt->hdr.seq + seglen;
585 debug(c, "starting RTT measurement, expecting ack %u\n", c->rtt_seq);
588 print_packet(c, "send", pkt, sizeof(pkt->hdr) + seglen);
589 c->utcp->send(c->utcp, pkt, sizeof(pkt->hdr) + seglen);
595 ssize_t utcp_send(struct utcp_connection *c, const void *data, size_t len) {
597 debug(c, "send() called on closed connection\n");
605 debug(c, "send() called on unconnected connection\n");
620 debug(c, "send() called on closed connection\n");
625 // Exit early if we have nothing to send.
636 // Check if we need to be able to buffer all data
638 if(c->flags & UTCP_NO_PARTIAL) {
639 if(len > buffer_free(&c->sndbuf)) {
640 if(len > c->sndbuf.maxsize) {
650 // Add data to send buffer.
652 if(is_reliable(c) || (c->state != SYN_SENT && c->state != SYN_RECEIVED)) {
653 len = buffer_put(&c->sndbuf, data, len);
669 // Don't send anything yet if the connection has not fully established yet
671 if(c->state == SYN_SENT || c->state == SYN_RECEIVED) {
677 if(!is_reliable(c)) {
678 c->snd.una = c->snd.nxt = c->snd.last;
679 buffer_get(&c->sndbuf, NULL, c->sndbuf.used);
682 if(is_reliable(c) && !timerisset(&c->rtrx_timeout)) {
683 start_retransmit_timer(c);
686 if(is_reliable(c) && !timerisset(&c->conn_timeout)) {
687 gettimeofday(&c->conn_timeout, NULL);
688 c->conn_timeout.tv_sec += c->utcp->timeout;
694 static void swap_ports(struct hdr *hdr) {
695 uint16_t tmp = hdr->src;
700 static void fast_retransmit(struct utcp_connection *c) {
701 if(c->state == CLOSED || c->snd.last == c->snd.una) {
702 debug(c, "fast_retransmit() called but nothing to retransmit!\n");
706 struct utcp *utcp = c->utcp;
713 pkt = malloc(c->utcp->mtu);
719 pkt->hdr.src = c->src;
720 pkt->hdr.dst = c->dst;
721 pkt->hdr.wnd = c->rcvbuf.maxsize;
730 // Send unacked data again.
731 pkt->hdr.seq = c->snd.una;
732 pkt->hdr.ack = c->rcv.nxt;
734 uint32_t len = min(seqdiff(c->snd.last, c->snd.una), utcp->mss);
736 if(fin_wanted(c, c->snd.una + len)) {
741 buffer_copy(&c->sndbuf, pkt->data, 0, len);
742 print_packet(c, "rtrx", pkt, sizeof(pkt->hdr) + len);
743 utcp->send(utcp, pkt, sizeof(pkt->hdr) + len);
753 static void retransmit(struct utcp_connection *c) {
754 if(c->state == CLOSED || c->snd.last == c->snd.una) {
755 debug(c, "retransmit() called but nothing to retransmit!\n");
756 stop_retransmit_timer(c);
760 struct utcp *utcp = c->utcp;
767 pkt = malloc(c->utcp->mtu);
773 pkt->hdr.src = c->src;
774 pkt->hdr.dst = c->dst;
775 pkt->hdr.wnd = c->rcvbuf.maxsize;
780 // Send our SYN again
781 pkt->hdr.seq = c->snd.iss;
784 pkt->hdr.aux = 0x0101;
788 pkt->data[3] = c->flags & 0x7;
789 print_packet(c, "rtrx", pkt, sizeof(pkt->hdr) + 4);
790 utcp->send(utcp, pkt, sizeof(pkt->hdr) + 4);
795 pkt->hdr.seq = c->snd.nxt;
796 pkt->hdr.ack = c->rcv.nxt;
797 pkt->hdr.ctl = SYN | ACK;
798 print_packet(c, "rtrx", pkt, sizeof(pkt->hdr));
799 utcp->send(utcp, pkt, sizeof(pkt->hdr));
807 // Send unacked data again.
808 pkt->hdr.seq = c->snd.una;
809 pkt->hdr.ack = c->rcv.nxt;
811 uint32_t len = min(seqdiff(c->snd.last, c->snd.una), utcp->mss);
813 if(fin_wanted(c, c->snd.una + len)) {
818 // RFC 5681 slow start after timeout
819 uint32_t flightsize = seqdiff(c->snd.nxt, c->snd.una);
820 c->snd.ssthresh = max(flightsize / 2, utcp->mss * 2); // eq. 4
821 c->snd.cwnd = utcp->mss;
824 buffer_copy(&c->sndbuf, pkt->data, 0, len);
825 print_packet(c, "rtrx", pkt, sizeof(pkt->hdr) + len);
826 utcp->send(utcp, pkt, sizeof(pkt->hdr) + len);
828 c->snd.nxt = c->snd.una + len;
835 // We shouldn't need to retransmit anything in this state.
839 stop_retransmit_timer(c);
843 start_retransmit_timer(c);
846 if(utcp->rto > MAX_RTO) {
850 c->rtt_start.tv_sec = 0; // invalidate RTT timer
851 c->dupack = 0; // cancel any ongoing fast recovery
857 /* Update receive buffer and SACK entries after consuming data.
861 * |.....0000..1111111111.....22222......3333|
864 * 0..3 represent the SACK entries. The ^ indicates up to which point we want
865 * to remove data from the receive buffer. The idea is to substract "len"
866 * from the offset of all the SACK entries, and then remove/cut down entries
867 * that are shifted to before the start of the receive buffer.
869 * There are three cases:
870 * - the SACK entry is after ^, in that case just change the offset.
871 * - the SACK entry starts before and ends after ^, so we have to
872 * change both its offset and size.
873 * - the SACK entry is completely before ^, in that case delete it.
875 static void sack_consume(struct utcp_connection *c, size_t len) {
876 debug(c, "sack_consume %lu\n", (unsigned long)len);
878 if(len > c->rcvbuf.used) {
879 debug(c, "all SACK entries consumed\n");
884 buffer_get(&c->rcvbuf, NULL, len);
886 for(int i = 0; i < NSACKS && c->sacks[i].len;) {
887 if(len < c->sacks[i].offset) {
888 c->sacks[i].offset -= len;
890 } else if(len < c->sacks[i].offset + c->sacks[i].len) {
891 c->sacks[i].len -= len - c->sacks[i].offset;
892 c->sacks[i].offset = 0;
896 memmove(&c->sacks[i], &c->sacks[i + 1], (NSACKS - 1 - i) * sizeof(c->sacks)[i]);
897 c->sacks[NSACKS - 1].len = 0;
905 for(int i = 0; i < NSACKS && c->sacks[i].len; i++) {
906 debug(c, "SACK[%d] offset %u len %u\n", i, c->sacks[i].offset, c->sacks[i].len);
910 static void handle_out_of_order(struct utcp_connection *c, uint32_t offset, const void *data, size_t len) {
911 debug(c, "out of order packet, offset %u\n", offset);
912 // Packet loss or reordering occured. Store the data in the buffer.
913 ssize_t rxd = buffer_put_at(&c->rcvbuf, offset, data, len);
915 if(rxd < 0 || (size_t)rxd < len) {
919 // Make note of where we put it.
920 for(int i = 0; i < NSACKS; i++) {
921 if(!c->sacks[i].len) { // nothing to merge, add new entry
922 debug(c, "new SACK entry %d\n", i);
923 c->sacks[i].offset = offset;
924 c->sacks[i].len = rxd;
926 } else if(offset < c->sacks[i].offset) {
927 if(offset + rxd < c->sacks[i].offset) { // insert before
928 if(!c->sacks[NSACKS - 1].len) { // only if room left
929 debug(c, "insert SACK entry at %d\n", i);
930 memmove(&c->sacks[i + 1], &c->sacks[i], (NSACKS - i - 1) * sizeof(c->sacks)[i]);
931 c->sacks[i].offset = offset;
932 c->sacks[i].len = rxd;
934 debug(c, "SACK entries full, dropping packet\n");
939 debug(c, "merge with start of SACK entry at %d\n", i);
940 c->sacks[i].offset = offset;
943 } else if(offset <= c->sacks[i].offset + c->sacks[i].len) {
944 if(offset + rxd > c->sacks[i].offset + c->sacks[i].len) { // merge
945 debug(c, "merge with end of SACK entry at %d\n", i);
946 c->sacks[i].len = offset + rxd - c->sacks[i].offset;
947 // TODO: handle potential merge with next entry
954 for(int i = 0; i < NSACKS && c->sacks[i].len; i++) {
955 debug(c, "SACK[%d] offset %u len %u\n", i, c->sacks[i].offset, c->sacks[i].len);
959 static void handle_in_order(struct utcp_connection *c, const void *data, size_t len) {
960 // Check if we can process out-of-order data now.
961 if(c->sacks[0].len && len >= c->sacks[0].offset) { // TODO: handle overlap with second SACK
962 debug(c, "incoming packet len %lu connected with SACK at %u\n", (unsigned long)len, c->sacks[0].offset);
963 buffer_put_at(&c->rcvbuf, 0, data, len); // TODO: handle return value
964 len = max(len, c->sacks[0].offset + c->sacks[0].len);
965 data = c->rcvbuf.data;
969 ssize_t rxd = c->recv(c, data, len);
971 if(rxd < 0 || (size_t)rxd != len) {
972 // TODO: handle the application not accepting all data.
978 sack_consume(c, len);
985 static void handle_incoming_data(struct utcp_connection *c, uint32_t seq, const void *data, size_t len) {
986 if(!is_reliable(c)) {
987 c->recv(c, data, len);
988 c->rcv.nxt = seq + len;
992 uint32_t offset = seqdiff(seq, c->rcv.nxt);
994 if(offset + len > c->rcvbuf.maxsize) {
999 handle_out_of_order(c, offset, data, len);
1001 handle_in_order(c, data, len);
1006 ssize_t utcp_recv(struct utcp *utcp, const void *data, size_t len) {
1007 const uint8_t *ptr = data;
1023 // Drop packets smaller than the header
1027 if(len < sizeof(hdr)) {
1028 print_packet(NULL, "recv", data, len);
1033 // Make a copy from the potentially unaligned data to a struct hdr
1035 memcpy(&hdr, ptr, sizeof(hdr));
1037 // Try to match the packet to an existing connection
1039 struct utcp_connection *c = find_connection(utcp, hdr.dst, hdr.src);
1040 print_packet(c, "recv", data, len);
1042 // Process the header
1047 // Drop packets with an unknown CTL flag
1049 if(hdr.ctl & ~(SYN | ACK | RST | FIN)) {
1050 print_packet(NULL, "recv", data, len);
1055 // Check for auxiliary headers
1057 const uint8_t *init = NULL;
1059 uint16_t aux = hdr.aux;
1062 size_t auxlen = 4 * (aux >> 8) & 0xf;
1063 uint8_t auxtype = aux & 0xff;
1072 if(!(hdr.ctl & SYN) || auxlen != 4) {
1088 if(!(aux & 0x800)) {
1097 memcpy(&aux, ptr, 2);
1102 bool has_data = len || (hdr.ctl & (SYN | FIN));
1104 // Is it for a new connection?
1107 // Ignore RST packets
1113 // Is it a SYN packet and are we LISTENing?
1115 if(hdr.ctl & SYN && !(hdr.ctl & ACK) && utcp->accept) {
1116 // If we don't want to accept it, send a RST back
1117 if((utcp->pre_accept && !utcp->pre_accept(utcp, hdr.dst))) {
1122 // Try to allocate memory, otherwise send a RST back
1123 c = allocate_connection(utcp, hdr.dst, hdr.src);
1130 // Parse auxilliary information
1137 c->flags = init[3] & 0x7;
1139 c->flags = UTCP_TCP;
1143 // Return SYN+ACK, go to SYN_RECEIVED state
1144 c->snd.wnd = hdr.wnd;
1145 c->rcv.irs = hdr.seq;
1146 c->rcv.nxt = c->rcv.irs + 1;
1147 set_state(c, SYN_RECEIVED);
1154 pkt.hdr.src = c->src;
1155 pkt.hdr.dst = c->dst;
1156 pkt.hdr.ack = c->rcv.irs + 1;
1157 pkt.hdr.seq = c->snd.iss;
1158 pkt.hdr.wnd = c->rcvbuf.maxsize;
1159 pkt.hdr.ctl = SYN | ACK;
1162 pkt.hdr.aux = 0x0101;
1166 pkt.data[3] = c->flags & 0x7;
1167 print_packet(c, "send", &pkt, sizeof(hdr) + 4);
1168 utcp->send(utcp, &pkt, sizeof(hdr) + 4);
1171 print_packet(c, "send", &pkt, sizeof(hdr));
1172 utcp->send(utcp, &pkt, sizeof(hdr));
1175 // No, we don't want your packets, send a RST back
1183 debug(c, "state %s\n", strstate[c->state]);
1185 // In case this is for a CLOSED connection, ignore the packet.
1186 // TODO: make it so incoming packets can never match a CLOSED connection.
1188 if(c->state == CLOSED) {
1189 debug(c, "got packet for closed connection\n");
1193 // It is for an existing connection.
1195 // 1. Drop invalid packets.
1197 // 1a. Drop packets that should not happen in our current state.
1218 // 1b. Discard data that is not in our receive window.
1220 if(is_reliable(c)) {
1223 if(c->state == SYN_SENT) {
1225 } else if(len == 0) {
1226 acceptable = seqdiff(hdr.seq, c->rcv.nxt) >= 0;
1228 int32_t rcv_offset = seqdiff(hdr.seq, c->rcv.nxt);
1230 // cut already accepted front overlapping
1231 if(rcv_offset < 0) {
1232 acceptable = len > (size_t) - rcv_offset;
1237 hdr.seq -= rcv_offset;
1240 acceptable = seqdiff(hdr.seq, c->rcv.nxt) >= 0 && seqdiff(hdr.seq, c->rcv.nxt) + len <= c->rcvbuf.maxsize;
1245 debug(c, "packet not acceptable, %u <= %u + %lu < %u\n", c->rcv.nxt, hdr.seq, (unsigned long)len, c->rcv.nxt + c->rcvbuf.maxsize);
1247 // Ignore unacceptable RST packets.
1252 // Otherwise, continue processing.
1257 int32_t rcv_offset = seqdiff(hdr.seq, c->rcv.nxt);
1260 debug(c, "packet out of order, offset %u bytes", rcv_offset);
1263 if(rcv_offset >= 0) {
1264 c->rcv.nxt = hdr.seq + len;
1270 c->snd.wnd = hdr.wnd; // TODO: move below
1272 // 1c. Drop packets with an invalid ACK.
1273 // ackno should not roll back, and it should also not be bigger than what we ever could have sent
1274 // (= snd.una + c->sndbuf.used).
1276 if(!is_reliable(c)) {
1277 if(hdr.ack != c->snd.last && c->state >= ESTABLISHED) {
1278 hdr.ack = c->snd.una;
1282 if(hdr.ctl & ACK && (seqdiff(hdr.ack, c->snd.last) > 0 || seqdiff(hdr.ack, c->snd.una) < 0)) {
1283 debug(c, "packet ack seqno out of range, %u <= %u < %u\n", c->snd.una, hdr.ack, c->snd.una + c->sndbuf.used);
1285 // Ignore unacceptable RST packets.
1293 // 2. Handle RST packets
1298 if(!(hdr.ctl & ACK)) {
1302 // The peer has refused our connection.
1303 set_state(c, CLOSED);
1304 errno = ECONNREFUSED;
1307 c->recv(c, NULL, 0);
1310 if(c->poll && !c->reapable) {
1321 // We haven't told the application about this connection yet. Silently delete.
1333 // The peer has aborted our connection.
1334 set_state(c, CLOSED);
1338 c->recv(c, NULL, 0);
1341 if(c->poll && !c->reapable) {
1354 // As far as the application is concerned, the connection has already been closed.
1355 // If it has called utcp_close() already, we can immediately free this connection.
1361 // Otherwise, immediately move to the CLOSED state.
1362 set_state(c, CLOSED);
1375 if(!(hdr.ctl & ACK)) {
1380 // 3. Advance snd.una
1382 advanced = seqdiff(hdr.ack, c->snd.una);
1386 if(c->rtt_start.tv_sec) {
1387 if(c->rtt_seq == hdr.ack) {
1388 struct timeval now, diff;
1389 gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
1390 timersub(&now, &c->rtt_start, &diff);
1391 update_rtt(c, diff.tv_sec * 1000000 + diff.tv_usec);
1392 c->rtt_start.tv_sec = 0;
1393 } else if(c->rtt_seq < hdr.ack) {
1394 debug(c, "cancelling RTT measurement: %u < %u\n", c->rtt_seq, hdr.ack);
1395 c->rtt_start.tv_sec = 0;
1399 int32_t data_acked = advanced;
1407 // TODO: handle FIN as well.
1412 assert(data_acked >= 0);
1415 int32_t bufused = seqdiff(c->snd.last, c->snd.una);
1416 assert(data_acked <= bufused);
1420 buffer_get(&c->sndbuf, NULL, data_acked);
1423 // Also advance snd.nxt if possible
1424 if(seqdiff(c->snd.nxt, hdr.ack) < 0) {
1425 c->snd.nxt = hdr.ack;
1428 c->snd.una = hdr.ack;
1431 if(c->dupack >= 3) {
1432 debug(c, "fast recovery ended\n");
1433 c->snd.cwnd = c->snd.ssthresh;
1439 // Increase the congestion window according to RFC 5681
1440 if(c->snd.cwnd < c->snd.ssthresh) {
1441 c->snd.cwnd += min(advanced, utcp->mss); // eq. 2
1443 c->snd.cwnd += max(1, (utcp->mss * utcp->mss) / c->snd.cwnd); // eq. 3
1446 if(c->snd.cwnd > c->sndbuf.maxsize) {
1447 c->snd.cwnd = c->sndbuf.maxsize;
1452 // Check if we have sent a FIN that is now ACKed.
1455 if(c->snd.una == c->snd.last) {
1456 set_state(c, FIN_WAIT_2);
1462 if(c->snd.una == c->snd.last) {
1463 gettimeofday(&c->conn_timeout, NULL);
1464 c->conn_timeout.tv_sec += utcp->timeout;
1465 set_state(c, TIME_WAIT);
1474 if(!len && is_reliable(c) && c->snd.una != c->snd.last) {
1476 debug(c, "duplicate ACK %d\n", c->dupack);
1478 if(c->dupack == 3) {
1479 // RFC 5681 fast recovery
1480 debug(c, "fast recovery started\n", c->dupack);
1481 uint32_t flightsize = seqdiff(c->snd.nxt, c->snd.una);
1482 c->snd.ssthresh = max(flightsize / 2, utcp->mss * 2); // eq. 4
1483 c->snd.cwnd = min(c->snd.ssthresh + 3 * utcp->mss, c->sndbuf.maxsize);
1485 if(c->snd.cwnd > c->sndbuf.maxsize) {
1486 c->snd.cwnd = c->sndbuf.maxsize;
1492 } else if(c->dupack > 3) {
1493 c->snd.cwnd += utcp->mss;
1495 if(c->snd.cwnd > c->sndbuf.maxsize) {
1496 c->snd.cwnd = c->sndbuf.maxsize;
1502 // We got an ACK which indicates the other side did get one of our packets.
1503 // Reset the retransmission timer to avoid going to slow start,
1504 // but don't touch the connection timeout.
1505 start_retransmit_timer(c);
1512 if(c->snd.una == c->snd.last) {
1513 stop_retransmit_timer(c);
1514 timerclear(&c->conn_timeout);
1515 } else if(is_reliable(c)) {
1516 start_retransmit_timer(c);
1517 gettimeofday(&c->conn_timeout, NULL);
1518 c->conn_timeout.tv_sec += utcp->timeout;
1523 // 5. Process SYN stuff
1529 // This is a SYNACK. It should always have ACKed the SYN.
1534 c->rcv.irs = hdr.seq;
1535 c->rcv.nxt = hdr.seq;
1539 set_state(c, FIN_WAIT_1);
1541 set_state(c, ESTABLISHED);
1544 // TODO: notify application of this somehow.
1548 // This is a retransmit of a SYN, send back the SYNACK.
1558 // Ehm, no. We should never receive a second SYN.
1568 // SYN counts as one sequence number
1572 // 6. Process new data
1574 if(c->state == SYN_RECEIVED) {
1575 // This is the ACK after the SYNACK. It should always have ACKed the SYNACK.
1580 // Are we still LISTENing?
1582 utcp->accept(c, c->src);
1585 if(c->state != ESTABLISHED) {
1586 set_state(c, CLOSED);
1596 // This should never happen.
1611 // Ehm no, We should never receive more data after a FIN.
1621 handle_incoming_data(c, hdr.seq, ptr, len);
1624 // 7. Process FIN stuff
1626 if((hdr.ctl & FIN) && (!is_reliable(c) || hdr.seq + len == c->rcv.nxt)) {
1630 // This should never happen.
1637 set_state(c, CLOSE_WAIT);
1641 set_state(c, CLOSING);
1645 gettimeofday(&c->conn_timeout, NULL);
1646 c->conn_timeout.tv_sec += utcp->timeout;
1647 set_state(c, TIME_WAIT);
1654 // Ehm, no. We should never receive a second FIN.
1664 // FIN counts as one sequence number
1668 // Inform the application that the peer closed its end of the connection.
1671 c->recv(c, NULL, 0);
1675 // Now we send something back if:
1676 // - we received data, so we have to send back an ACK
1677 // -> sendatleastone = true
1678 // - or we got an ack, so we should maybe send a bit more data
1679 // -> sendatleastone = false
1681 if(is_reliable(c) || hdr.ctl & SYN || hdr.ctl & FIN) {
1696 hdr.ack = hdr.seq + len;
1698 hdr.ctl = RST | ACK;
1701 print_packet(c, "send", &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
1702 utcp->send(utcp, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
1707 int utcp_shutdown(struct utcp_connection *c, int dir) {
1708 debug(c, "shutdown %d at %u\n", dir, c ? c->snd.last : 0);
1716 debug(c, "shutdown() called on closed connection\n");
1721 if(!(dir == UTCP_SHUT_RD || dir == UTCP_SHUT_WR || dir == UTCP_SHUT_RDWR)) {
1726 // TCP does not have a provision for stopping incoming packets.
1727 // The best we can do is to just ignore them.
1728 if(dir == UTCP_SHUT_RD || dir == UTCP_SHUT_RDWR) {
1732 // The rest of the code deals with shutting down writes.
1733 if(dir == UTCP_SHUT_RD) {
1737 // Only process shutting down writes once.
1755 set_state(c, FIN_WAIT_1);
1763 set_state(c, CLOSING);
1776 if(!timerisset(&c->rtrx_timeout)) {
1777 start_retransmit_timer(c);
1783 static bool reset_connection(struct utcp_connection *c) {
1790 debug(c, "abort() called on closed connection\n");
1807 set_state(c, CLOSED);
1815 set_state(c, CLOSED);
1825 hdr.seq = c->snd.nxt;
1830 print_packet(c, "send", &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
1831 c->utcp->send(c->utcp, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
1835 // Closes all the opened connections
1836 void utcp_abort_all_connections(struct utcp *utcp) {
1842 for(int i = 0; i < utcp->nconnections; i++) {
1843 struct utcp_connection *c = utcp->connections[i];
1845 if(c->reapable || c->state == CLOSED) {
1849 utcp_recv_t old_recv = c->recv;
1850 utcp_poll_t old_poll = c->poll;
1852 reset_connection(c);
1856 old_recv(c, NULL, 0);
1859 if(old_poll && !c->reapable) {
1868 int utcp_close(struct utcp_connection *c) {
1869 if(utcp_shutdown(c, SHUT_RDWR) && errno != ENOTCONN) {
1879 int utcp_abort(struct utcp_connection *c) {
1880 if(!reset_connection(c)) {
1889 * One call to this function will loop through all connections,
1890 * checking if something needs to be resent or not.
1891 * The return value is the time to the next timeout in milliseconds,
1892 * or maybe a negative value if the timeout is infinite.
1894 struct timeval utcp_timeout(struct utcp *utcp) {
1896 gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
1897 struct timeval next = {now.tv_sec + 3600, now.tv_usec};
1899 for(int i = 0; i < utcp->nconnections; i++) {
1900 struct utcp_connection *c = utcp->connections[i];
1906 // delete connections that have been utcp_close()d.
1907 if(c->state == CLOSED) {
1909 debug(c, "reaping\n");
1917 if(timerisset(&c->conn_timeout) && timercmp(&c->conn_timeout, &now, <)) {
1922 c->recv(c, NULL, 0);
1925 if(c->poll && !c->reapable) {
1932 if(timerisset(&c->rtrx_timeout) && timercmp(&c->rtrx_timeout, &now, <)) {
1933 debug(c, "retransmitting after timeout\n");
1938 if((c->state == ESTABLISHED || c->state == CLOSE_WAIT)) {
1939 uint32_t len = buffer_free(&c->sndbuf);
1944 } else if(c->state == CLOSED) {
1949 if(timerisset(&c->conn_timeout) && timercmp(&c->conn_timeout, &next, <)) {
1950 next = c->conn_timeout;
1953 if(timerisset(&c->rtrx_timeout) && timercmp(&c->rtrx_timeout, &next, <)) {
1954 next = c->rtrx_timeout;
1958 struct timeval diff;
1960 timersub(&next, &now, &diff);
1965 bool utcp_is_active(struct utcp *utcp) {
1970 for(int i = 0; i < utcp->nconnections; i++)
1971 if(utcp->connections[i]->state != CLOSED && utcp->connections[i]->state != TIME_WAIT) {
1978 struct utcp *utcp_init(utcp_accept_t accept, utcp_pre_accept_t pre_accept, utcp_send_t send, void *priv) {
1984 struct utcp *utcp = calloc(1, sizeof(*utcp));
1990 utcp->accept = accept;
1991 utcp->pre_accept = pre_accept;
1994 utcp->mtu = DEFAULT_MTU;
1995 utcp->mss = DEFAULT_MTU - sizeof(struct hdr);
1996 utcp->timeout = DEFAULT_USER_TIMEOUT; // sec
1997 utcp->rto = START_RTO; // usec
2002 void utcp_exit(struct utcp *utcp) {
2007 for(int i = 0; i < utcp->nconnections; i++) {
2008 struct utcp_connection *c = utcp->connections[i];
2012 c->recv(c, NULL, 0);
2015 if(c->poll && !c->reapable) {
2020 buffer_exit(&c->rcvbuf);
2021 buffer_exit(&c->sndbuf);
2025 free(utcp->connections);
2029 uint16_t utcp_get_mtu(struct utcp *utcp) {
2030 return utcp ? utcp->mtu : 0;
2033 void utcp_set_mtu(struct utcp *utcp, uint16_t mtu) {
2034 // TODO: handle overhead of the header
2037 utcp->mss = mtu - sizeof(struct hdr);
2041 void utcp_reset_timers(struct utcp *utcp) {
2046 struct timeval now, then;
2048 gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
2052 then.tv_sec += utcp->timeout;
2054 for(int i = 0; i < utcp->nconnections; i++) {
2055 struct utcp_connection *c = utcp->connections[i];
2061 if(timerisset(&c->rtrx_timeout)) {
2062 c->rtrx_timeout = now;
2065 if(timerisset(&c->conn_timeout)) {
2066 c->conn_timeout = then;
2069 c->rtt_start.tv_sec = 0;
2072 if(utcp->rto > START_RTO) {
2073 utcp->rto = START_RTO;
2077 int utcp_get_user_timeout(struct utcp *u) {
2078 return u ? u->timeout : 0;
2081 void utcp_set_user_timeout(struct utcp *u, int timeout) {
2083 u->timeout = timeout;
2087 size_t utcp_get_sndbuf(struct utcp_connection *c) {
2088 return c ? c->sndbuf.maxsize : 0;
2091 size_t utcp_get_sndbuf_free(struct utcp_connection *c) {
2101 return buffer_free(&c->sndbuf);
2108 void utcp_set_sndbuf(struct utcp_connection *c, size_t size) {
2113 c->sndbuf.maxsize = size;
2115 if(c->sndbuf.maxsize != size) {
2116 c->sndbuf.maxsize = -1;
2120 size_t utcp_get_rcvbuf(struct utcp_connection *c) {
2121 return c ? c->rcvbuf.maxsize : 0;
2124 size_t utcp_get_rcvbuf_free(struct utcp_connection *c) {
2125 if(c && (c->state == ESTABLISHED || c->state == CLOSE_WAIT)) {
2126 return buffer_free(&c->rcvbuf);
2132 void utcp_set_rcvbuf(struct utcp_connection *c, size_t size) {
2137 c->rcvbuf.maxsize = size;
2139 if(c->rcvbuf.maxsize != size) {
2140 c->rcvbuf.maxsize = -1;
2144 size_t utcp_get_sendq(struct utcp_connection *c) {
2145 return c->sndbuf.used;
2148 size_t utcp_get_recvq(struct utcp_connection *c) {
2149 return c->rcvbuf.used;
2152 bool utcp_get_nodelay(struct utcp_connection *c) {
2153 return c ? c->nodelay : false;
2156 void utcp_set_nodelay(struct utcp_connection *c, bool nodelay) {
2158 c->nodelay = nodelay;
2162 bool utcp_get_keepalive(struct utcp_connection *c) {
2163 return c ? c->keepalive : false;
2166 void utcp_set_keepalive(struct utcp_connection *c, bool keepalive) {
2168 c->keepalive = keepalive;
2172 size_t utcp_get_outq(struct utcp_connection *c) {
2173 return c ? seqdiff(c->snd.nxt, c->snd.una) : 0;
2176 void utcp_set_recv_cb(struct utcp_connection *c, utcp_recv_t recv) {
2182 void utcp_set_poll_cb(struct utcp_connection *c, utcp_poll_t poll) {
2188 void utcp_set_accept_cb(struct utcp *utcp, utcp_accept_t accept, utcp_pre_accept_t pre_accept) {
2190 utcp->accept = accept;
2191 utcp->pre_accept = pre_accept;
2195 void utcp_expect_data(struct utcp_connection *c, bool expect) {
2196 if(!c || c->reapable) {
2200 if(!(c->state == ESTABLISHED || c->state == FIN_WAIT_1 || c->state == FIN_WAIT_2)) {
2205 // If we expect data, start the connection timer.
2206 if(!timerisset(&c->conn_timeout)) {
2207 gettimeofday(&c->conn_timeout, NULL);
2208 c->conn_timeout.tv_sec += c->utcp->timeout;
2211 // If we want to cancel expecting data, only clear the timer when there is no unACKed data.
2212 if(c->snd.una == c->snd.last) {
2213 timerclear(&c->conn_timeout);
2218 void utcp_offline(struct utcp *utcp, bool offline) {
2220 gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
2222 for(int i = 0; i < utcp->nconnections; i++) {
2223 struct utcp_connection *c = utcp->connections[i];
2229 utcp_expect_data(c, offline);
2232 if(timerisset(&c->rtrx_timeout)) {
2233 c->rtrx_timeout = now;
2236 utcp->connections[i]->rtt_start.tv_sec = 0;
2240 if(!offline && utcp->rto > START_RTO) {
2241 utcp->rto = START_RTO;